摘要 :
U.S. House of Representatives Report 113-446, National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year (FY) 2015, directed the Secretary of Defense to “conduct an independent assessment of the Department’s policies and guidance for cl...
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U.S. House of Representatives Report 113-446, National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year (FY) 2015, directed the Secretary of Defense to “conduct an independent assessment of the Department’s policies and guidance for cloud computing capabilities.” In addition, U.S. Senate Report 113-176, National Defense Authorization Act for FY 2015 directed the Department of Defense (DoD) Chief Information Officer (CIO) to “sponsor an independent study to develop metrics to assess DoD’s progress in evaluating and adopting commercial cloud capabilities,” as well as compare “milCloud … to the leading commercial cloud technology.” In April 2015, the DoD CIO asked the Institute for Defense Analyses (IDA) to provide an independent assessment of DoD’s adoption of commercial cloud technologies and services. This report directly responds to both the House and Senate’s requests, but it also identifies new opportunities and challenges that DoD is encountering as it moves its data and applications into a cloud environment. IDA performed this research between April and August 2015. Cloud computing is a model for enabling convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of computing resources. It helps organizations rapidly scale up capabilities, achieve cost-effective economies of scale, and maintain resiliency. At the same time, cloud computing introduces transition costs and security concerns. In 2015, DoD is taking action to offer a wider selection of commercially owned and operated cloud services to DoD mission owners. Currently, mission owners desiring to move to the cloud can choose from 32 authorized cloud service offerings in a variety of configurations with varying levels of security. Some offerings provide complete cloud- enabled software packages while others offer infrastructure or platforms on which to host legacy applications or build new ones. Much of DoD’s data is sensitive, so the cloud environment must maintain confidentiality and integrity of that data. DoD has instituted a process to evaluate and issue Provisional Authorizations for cloud service offerings, based on the security controls that the provider implements and the sensitivity level of the data that it intends to host. The DoD Cloud Computing Security Requirements Guide specifies the key elements that a commercial cloud provider must meet to qualify for each data sensitivity level. Of the 32 authorized cloud service offerings, DoD authorizes two to host some of the most sensitive data (e.g., Personally Identifiable Information, For Official Use Only); the rest are authorized to host non-sensitive, publicly releasable information. DoD mission owners can also host applications on milCloud, the private cloud offering built by the Defense Information Systems Agency (DISA). MilCloud offers some of the features of commercial providers with enhanced security that comes from DoD operation and monitoring. Cloud computing is a relatively new field, and there are no widely accepted metrics for measuring cloud adoption rates or benchmarks for organizations transitioning to the cloud. IDA identified and developed several broad categories of metrics that can measure DoD’s cloud adoption and the value provided by commercial cloud offerings
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摘要 :
A case study in the utilization of stereoscopic photogrammetry in the investigation of cloud dynamics is presented. Analysis of a 30-minute period in the life of an orographic cloud shows a continuous series of turrets, each lasti...
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A case study in the utilization of stereoscopic photogrammetry in the investigation of cloud dynamics is presented. Analysis of a 30-minute period in the life of an orographic cloud shows a continuous series of turrets, each lasting approximately eight minutes, with peaks reaching 24,000 to 26,000 feet MSL. The methods of analysis and data reduction used are described, and the computer program written to perform the analysis computations is presented in the appendix. (Author)
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摘要 :
A practical technique for making quantitative measurements of cloud displacement from ATS 1 pictures was explained. Two ATS 1 pictures were superimposed by two projectors on an electronic digitizing table. Distortion correction, s...
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A practical technique for making quantitative measurements of cloud displacement from ATS 1 pictures was explained. Two ATS 1 pictures were superimposed by two projectors on an electronic digitizing table. Distortion correction, superimposition, and rectification were done analytically through a computer program. An estimate of the accuracy of the best results to date gave cloud speeds to within approximately three knots. A preliminary comparison of cloud trajectories with standard wind observations was presented. Fairly good agreement was found in spite of relatively large differences in location of the compared data.
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